EU Defence Commissioner Andrius Kubilius told College of Europe students in Warsaw on 12 October that the Pax Americana has come to an end. If China and India return to global economic leadership, the US will be pushed to third place, which may prove psychologically challenging for Americans, he said. The EU must be prepared to assume primary responsibility for Europe’s conventional defence, he added, calling a defence pillar of Poland, Germany and Ukraine the future of security in the region.