my guess is that, like, 90% of conspiracy theories are false, and the actual reasons behind things being done a certain way are almost always more mundane, like "that's what makes money" or "it makes sense from our point of view"
like, for instance, most companies don't intentionally make products that break after a few years, but it is cheaper to use parts with lower tolerances that don't last as long, even if that means more risk of things breaking during the warranty period
most politicians aren't evil and legitimately care for their people, but live with a set of cultural/religious/ideological viewpoints that move them towards actions we consider pointless, self-destructive or harmful
the problem is that the 10% that are true get all the attention, have books and movies written about them, and everyone else uses them as a comparison in all other situations
i should note that this dynamic somewhat changes in regard to things that impact marginalized people -- in that not everyone knows how to recognize which laws or rules or approaches are harmful to them, and thus it's easier for the bigots to hide their true intentions
also, decisions can harm marginalized people even if no intent to do so is made -- i bet companies in the US don't build polluting factories near where black people live intentionally, but when filtering for places where few people are capable of suing them or raising vocal enough complaints or otherwise disrupting the process, the end result is going to have a lot of those places