SQLite is to PostgreSQL as {what} is to git? Are there any modern but simple version control systems out there suitable for small scale or embedded use?

EDIT: perhaps a better analogy is S3 versioning, macOS Time Machine, or some other versioned filesystem like that. I’m after a simple system that can keep a history of file changes without needing a specific underlying filesystem.

EDIT 2: I’m thinking out loud here, this is a sort of distributed rubbernecking, all replies are most helpful!